Knee osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage that cushions the joints gradually wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Early symptoms may include discomfort during movement and joint swelling after physical activity. The condition is becoming more common due to factors such as aging, obesity, and increased stress on the joints.

Current research is exploring how genetics, inflammation, and joint mechanics influence disease progression. Clinical trials are evaluating new treatments aimed at reducing pain, improving mobility, and slowing progression, offering patients access to advanced options beyond standard care.